Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)
2. REPORT DATE
3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
April 1999
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. FUNDING NUMBERS
Frost Inhibition on Turfgrass
6. AUTHORS
Antonio J. Palazzo, Timothy J. Cary, Susan E. Hardy, and Joyce A. Nagle
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
Special Report 99-4
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSORING/MONITORING
AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
Office of the Chief of Engineers
Washington, D.C. 20314-1000
For conversion of SI units to non-SI units of measurement consult Standard Practice for Use of the
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
International System of Units (SI), ASTM Standard E380-93, published by the American Society for Testing and Materials,
100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Pa. 19428-2959.
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
Frost is a common problem for golf courses in the early morning hours in the spring and fall. Walking on frosted
turf turns it a dark bluish color initially and kills the leaf tissue, eventually causing an unsightly appearance. The
objective of this study was to conduct a series of experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of a recently intro-
duced frost-inhibition product called FROST-B-GONE (FBG) in preventing the formation of frost and subsequent
damage to turfgrass. The material was studied at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% and applied at a rate of
1629 L ha1 (174 gal. acre1). The results of these experiments showed that the FBG compound was effective in
preventing frost on a bentgrass turf used for greens. Application of FBG at concentrations of 10, 15, and 20% six
hours before frosting conditions was consistently effective in reducing the occurrence of frost on bentgrass leaf
surfaces. FBG also had a residual frost-inhibition effect when the sod was frosted a second time without
re-treatment. The frost-producing technique developed in these experiments proved successful with herba-
ceous plants and may be used to prepare plants for cold-tolerance or satellite-identification studies.
14. SUBJECT TERMS
15. NUMBER OF PAGES
7
Frost damage
Frost inhibition
Frost injury
Turfgrass
16. PRICE CODE
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT
OF THIS PAGE
OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UL
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)
NSN 7540-01-280-5500
Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18
298-102
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