the DCR process for a specific waste is always as-
Sites organized by Dr. C.R. Lee of the Waterways
certained at the laboratory scale prior to field im-
Experiment Station. This publication should receive
plementation. If the DCR process is ineffective in
wide circulation within DOD at all management
remediating a specific waste at the laboratory
levels dealing with cleanup of contaminated sites.
scale, then field implementation should not be un-
Typically DCR stabilization involves either a
dertaken.
direct mixing of reagents and contaminated soil
This work also demonstrated a favorable influ-
in-situ (landfarming) or an ex-situ treatment fol-
ence on plant growth of the DCR treatment of
lowed by return of the DCR product to the field,
heavy metal contaminated soil. The high alkalini-
covering with topsoil, and finally, revegetation.
ty of the DCR product helped neutralize the heavy
The latter was the process that we simulated in the
metal mobility, which led to improved plant
greenhouse heavy metal study. The USACE guid-
growth. This work demonstrated that the DCR
ance specifications most relevant to the DCR pro-
product is compatible with revegetation of con-
cess are Bioremediation using Landfarming Systems
taminated sites and can be used for the remedia-
(CEGS02287) and Solidification/Stabilization of
tion of severely contaminated soils, where several
Contaminated Material (CEGS02445). However,
technologies may be necessary to fully remediate a
neither of these guidance documents speaks
site.
directly to the way in which the DCR process is
Following laboratory verification for a specific
generally implemented. Nevertheless, the bio-
waste, we can recommend the DCR process for the
remediation guidance requires that the pH be
field remediation of liquid organics and heavy
maintained in the range from 5.0 to 8.0. This spec-
metal contaminated materials.
ification may preclude direct landfarming because
of the high alkalinity of the DCR product and
leachate (Fig. 4). The alternative, ex-situ treatment
COMMERCIALIZATION/TECHNOLOGY
and covering with topsoil, was compatible with
TRANSFER
plant growth (Fig. 6) and presumably microbial
The DCR technologies are patented processes.
activity. Other than pH, the DCR process is com-
SOUND/epic has an exclusive license to market
patible with USACE guidance specifications.
the DCR technology in the United States. Com-
panies or agencies interested in using this technol-
LIST OF PRESENTATIONS, PUBLICATIONS,
ogy should contact Richard W. McManus, Executive
AND VIDEOS
Vice President, at SOUND/epic (2143936965).
Our approach in this CPAR project has been to
Presentations
rigorously test the efficacy of these technologies
Dispersion by chemical reaction treatment of asphalt
tar. Contributed paper, Fourth HTRW Innovative
and to publicize our results through presentations,
Technology Transfer Workshop. Omaha, Nebraska.
publications, and a video. Below is a list of these
July 1994.
products emanating from the CPAR project. Cop-
Dispersion by chemical reaction treatment of asphalt
ies of the publications and the video are available
tar, Eareckson Air Force Station, Shemya, Alaska.
from Giles M. Marion (6036464676). The video
Contributed paper, Soil Science Society of Ameri-
demonstrates a small-scale field implementation
ca annual meeting, Seattle, Washington. Novem-
of the DCR process. Although this particular dem-
ber 1994.
onstration was not successful because of the solid
Site remediation via dispersion by chemical reaction
state of the contaminant, it does demonstrate how
(DCR). Contributed paper, Seventh HTRW Inno-
contaminated soils are processed in the field. Two
vative Technology Transfer Workshop. Las Vegas,
presentations of this project (1994 and 1997) were
Nevada. March 1997.
made at the annual Hazardous Toxic and Radio-
Heavy metal remediation via the dispersion by chemi-
active Waste (HTRW) Innovative Technology
cal reaction process. Contributed paper, Fourth
Transfer Workshops. These workshops are de-
International Conference on the Biochemistry of
signed to introduce innovative technologies for
Trace Elements. Berkeley, California. June 1997.
environmental clean-up within the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers. The presentation at the 1994
Soil Science Society of America meeting and the
Publications
Brar, G.S., and G.M. Marion (1995) Dispersion by
ASA Special Publication resulting from this meet-
chemical reaction technology to stabilize asphalt
ing are especially noteworthy for DOD. This was a
tar, Eareckson Air Force Station, Shemya, Alaska.
Symposium on DOD Cleanup of Contaminated
19
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