Page
Section
Para.
Recommendation
Note: Expectations are that antifreeze admixtures will
eventually become available. Before they are used in
masonry mortar, test data should be produced to show
that they do not adversely affect mortar compressive
strength, bond strength, or freezethaw durability and
that they do not cause ferrous metals to corrode.
Air-Entraining
1
Air-entraining admixtures ... workability. There are some
Admixtures
data that indicate that Laboratory air-entrained mortar
specimens are less subject to disintegration due more
presence of moisture. Excessive ... masonry. Therefore, air-
entraining admixtures should not be used are appropriate
in cold weather masonry construction provided excessive
amounts are not used. This recommendation ... materials.
Some masonry cements already contain an air-entraining
agent.
12
Materials Heating
General
1
The mixing water ... heated. Heating only ... unfrozen
Water ... probes. Any method ... acceptable. The mixing
water should be heated sufficiently to produce mortar
temperatures between 40F (5C) and 120F 70F (20C).
There is minimal benefit to heating the mortar above 70F
(20C). The mortar in thin joints does not remain above
freezing significantly long nor does it achieve improved
strengths. Once a mortar ... batches.
1 C.
Korhonen, B. Charest, and K. Romisch (1995) Developing new low-temperature admixtures for
concrete: A field evaluation. Corps of Engineers Structural Engineering Conference 95, San Antonio, Texas,
August.
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