Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)
2. REPORT DATE
3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
May 1997
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. FUNDING NUMBERS
Evaluation of Airport Subsurface Materials
6. AUTHORS
Vincent C. Janoo, Robert Eaton, and Lynette Barna
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
Special Report 97-13
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSORING/MONITORING
AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
Federal Aviation Administration
Technical Center
Atlantic City International Airport
New Jersey 08405
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
For conversion of SI units to non-SI units of measurement consult Standard Practice for Use of the International System
of Units (SI), ASTM Standard E380-93, published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St.,
Philadelphia, Pa. 19103.
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
Pavement structures located in regions with seasonal changes encounter regular cycles of freezing and thaw-
ing. Such environmental factors must be considered so that it can be certain that the pavement can accommo-
date continuous aircraft loading. Eleven subsurface materials specified by the Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) were examined to determine their susceptibility to frost heave and thaw-weakening. All but two of the
materials were found to be frost-susceptible under the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers criterion that no more
than 3% of fines be smaller than 0.02 mm (0.78 103 in.). The frost-susceptible materials were also evaluated
using Asphalt Institute criteria, which also categorized them as frost-susceptible. The 11 materials were evalu-
ated for susceptibility to thaw-weakening using the drainage model developed by Casagrande and Shannon
(1951), which focuses on the permeability of the drainage layer. The final recommendations (which are based
only on a literature review) are that, to reduce frost-susceptibility and thaw-weakening, the amount passing
the no. 200 sieve should be kept lower than 2% and drainage layers should be installed below the pavement.
14. SUBJECT TERMS
15. NUMBER OF PAGES
32
Base course
Frost heave
Drainage
Stabilized bases
16. PRICE CODE
Freezethaw
Thaw-weakening
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT
OF THIS PAGE
OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UL
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)
NSN 7540-01-280-5500
Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18
298-102
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