Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)
2. REPORT DATE
3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
October 1996
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. FUNDING NUMBERS
Freezing Temperature Protection Admixture for Portland Cement Concrete
6. AUTHORS
Charles J. Korhonen and John W. Brook
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
Special Report 96-28
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSORING/MONITORING
AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
Office of the Chief of Engineers
Washington, D.C. 20314-1000
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
For conversion of SI units to non-SI units of measurement consult ASTM Standard E380-93, Standard Practice for Use of
the International System of Units, published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadel-
phia, Pa. 19103.
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
A number of experimental admixtures were compared to Pozzutec 20 admixture for their ability to protect fresh
concrete from freezing and for increasing the rate of cement hydration at below-freezing temperatures. The
commercial accelerator and low-temperature admixture Pozzutec 20 served as the reference admixture for this
project as it has been a successful product of Master Builders for winter concreting during the past several years.
Over thirty-five experimental admixture candidates were tested. Of these, one experimental admixture, code-
named EY-11, a nonchloride admixture, outperformed all the others and was selected as the admixture to be
considered for future commercialization. It was demonstrated by laboratory evaluation that the Pozzutec 20
admixture did not contribute to corrosion of embedded steel reinforcement. The EY-11 admixture, although still
under examination, also did not contribute to corrosion in a newer and different laboratory test. Based on a
knowledge of its constituents, EY-11 is not expected to contribute to corrosion under laboratory conditions or in
the field. The low and medium dosages (60 and 100 mL/kg [90 and 150 fl oz/cwt]), of EY-11 produced freeze
thaw-durable concrete, but the highest dosage examined, 160 mL/kg (240 fl oz/cwt), did not. The middle
dosage (100 mL/kg) protected concrete down to the low-temperature goal of this project, 5C (23F). The
prototype admixture, EY-11, affords superior low-temperature protection compared to existing accelerating
admixtures, as well as good durability. Unfortunately, it did not provide the desirable rapid setting and strength
gain of concrete at above-freezing temperatures that field engineers and concrete technicians would like.
14. SUBJECT TERMS
15. NUMBER OF PAGES
46
Antifreeze admixture
Freezethaw
Winter construction
16. PRICE CODE
Cold-weather concrete
Thermal protection
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT
OF THIS PAGE
OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UL
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)
NSN 7540-01-280-5500
Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18
298-102
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