Table 5a. Hardness (Barcol) readings of PCE exposed to TCE
solutions.
Relative
Contact time, months
solubility
3
6
9
12
15
18
0.00
70
74
77
76
80
80
0.00
72
73
78
77
78
77
0.00
71
74
80
78
79
78
0.00
71
72
77
74
78
79
0.00
71
71
77
75
78
79
71.0
72.8
77.8
76.0
78.6
78.6
X
0.05
70
73
74
76
78
79
0.05
71
74
75
75
79
78
0.05
71
72
77
75
78
79
0.05
71
72
78
78
79
78
0.05
72
73
79
74
78
78
71.0
72.8
76.6
75.6
78.4
78.4
X
0.10
70
74
77
76
79
79
0.10
71
74
76
74
76
80
0.10
70
72
73
77
77
78
0.10
71
72
80
78
78
78
0.10
69
73
80
77
78
78
70.2
73.0
77.2
76.4
77.6
78.6
X
0.20
71
72
75
78
77
77
0.20
71
73
76
74
78
77
0.20
69
73
74
75
79
79
0.20
71
74
79
75
76
79
0.20
72
72
75
74
77
78
70.8
72.8
75.8
75.2
77.4
78.0
X
0.40
71
72
77
74
77
76
0.40
71
73
75
76
76
78
0.40
71
74
74
75
76
76
0.40
69
72
78
76
74
76
0.40
70
73
73
74
74
78
70.4
72.8
75.4
75.0
75.4*
76.8*
X
0.60
68
71
75
73
75
76
0.60
70
70
73
72
75
75
0.60
70
71
74
73
74
77
0.60
68
70
75
74
75
75
0.60
69
72
72
75
73
77
69.0*
70.8*
73.8*
73.4*
74.4*
76.0*
X
*Significantly different from controls.
either a PVC solvent or swelling agent (Table 2).
and hardness of samples exposed to aqueous so-
The ten organic chemicals were selected based on
lutions of PVC solvents and swelling agents, and
published χ values (Berens 1985, Vonk 1985) and
that these changes occur at lower relative solu-
on our own tests, where small pieces of PVC cas-
bilities than was predicted by Berens.
ing were subjected to neat organic chemicals (App.
A, Ranney and Parker 1995). The sum of the rela-
Studies on aqueous
tive solubilities of the organic chemicals in the
solutions that contain
two solutions was the same, 0.80. However, the
several organic solutes
relative solubility of each analyte varied from 0.02
to 0.15 and the relative solubility of each analyte
Short-term study
varied from solution A to solution B.
In this study, we exposed PVC to two solu-
Both solutions caused rapid (within one day)
tions containing ten organic chemicals that were
10
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