Table 2. Relative solubility and molarity of PVC solvent and swelling agents used in
the test solutions.
Solubility
Mol. wt.
Solution A
Solution B
Solvent
(mg/L)
(g/mole)
Rel. solubility Molarity
Rel. solubility Molarity
4,5001
163.81
bromodichloromethane
0.08
0.022
0.07
0.019
5001
112.561
chlorobenzene
0.04
0.002
0.10
0.004
8,0001
119.381
chloroform
0.12
0.080
0.09
0.060
23,0002
98.22
cyclohexanone
0.09
0.211
0.12
0.281
8,6901
98.961
1,2-dichloroethane
0.15
0.132
0.08
0.070
4,5001
133.411
1,1,2-trichloroethane
0.10
0.034
0.04
0.013
19,0001
84.931
methylene chloride
0.05
0.112
0.02
0.045
17,0001
100.21
methyl isobutyl ketone
0.07
0.119
0.08
0.136
1,9001
123.11
nitrobenzene
0.08
0.012
0.15
0.023
5001
137.131
m-nitrotoluene
0.02
0.001
0.05
0.002
Total
0.725
0.653
1
Value taken from Montgommery and Welkom (1990).
2
Value taken from Montgommery (1991).
same as the previous study, and the test solutions
The solubilities of these 18 chemicals are also
were changed every six months. An aqueous solu-
given in Table 3. The protocol for this experi-
bility of 1000 mg/L (Dean 1985) was used.
ment differed from our other experiments in
that smaller test pieces (~9 9 0.9 mm) that
Studies on aqueous
were left over from our previous studies (Parker
solutions that contain
and Ranney 1994, 1995) were used. These di-
mensions made the total surface area 1.9 cm2,
several organic solutes
Short-term study
Table 3. Listing of 18 PVC solvent
In this study, we exposed PVC to two solu-
and swelling agents used in stud-
tions containing ten PVC solvents and swelling
ies and their aqueous solubilities.
agents (Table 2). Table 2 lists the aqueous solubil-
ity values we used to determine relative solubil-
Solubility
ity. The sum of the relative solubilities of the or-
(mg/L)
ganic solutes in the solutions was 0.80, the relative
2,0003
benzonitrile
solubility of each analyte varied from 0.02 to 0.15,
16,6912
bromochloromethane
and the relative solubility of each analyte varied
4,5001
bromodichloromethane
from solution A to solution B. Contact times were
3,0101
bromoform
8, 24, 72, and 168 hours (seven days).
5001
chlorobenzene
8,0001
chloroform
23,0002
cyclohexanone
Mid-term study
4,0001
dibromochloromethane
The test pieces of PVC were exposed to a solu-
4,3003
1,2-dibromoethane
tion of either TCE, methylene chloride, or a com-
8,6901
1,2-dichloroethane
7,7003
cis-1,2-dichloroethylene
bination of TCE and methylene chloride. The rela-
6,3003
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene
tive solubilities for methylene chloride were either
19,0001
methylene chloride
0 or 0.4. The relative solubilities for the TCE were
17,0001
methyl isobutyl ketone
either 0, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6. Contact times were 2, 7,
1,9001
nitrobenzene
5001
m-nitrotoluene
14, 28, and 56 days.
6002
o-nitrotoluene
4,5001
1,1,2-trichloroethane
First long-term study
PVC test pieces were exposed to two aqueous
1
Value taken from Montgommery and
solutions of 18 organic chemicals (Table 3) that
Welkom (1990).
we have found to be either solvents or swelling
2 Value taken from Montgommery (1991).
agents of PVC (App. A, Ranney and Parker 1995).
3 Value taken from Dean (1985).
7
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