400
Central Wisconsin Airport
20
300
Loc 3
10
Temperature
200
100
0
0
14 Mar
19
24
29
3 Apr
8
13
18
23
28
3 May
a. FWD location 3 .
20
600
Loc 2
Temperature
Loc 6
Loc 9
400
10
200
0
Central Wisconsin Airport
0
14 Mar
19
24
29
3 Apr
8
13
18
23
28
3 May
b. FWD locations 2, 6 and 9.
30
600
Central Wisconsin Airport
Loc 15
Loc 16
Loc 17
Loc 18
Loc 19
400
20
200
10
Temperature
0
0
14 Mar
19
24
29
3 Apr
8
13
18
23
28
c. FWD locations 15 to 19.
Figure 10. Changes in basin area during spring thaw at Central Wisconsin Airport.
where P is applied FWD load and δ0 is deflection un-
The ISM, used by the Corps of Engineers for char-
der the center of the plate.
acterizing pavement structures, is analogous to the
Typical changes in ISM values and basin areas at
spring constant (k) of a spring mass system. The ISM
the centers of selected slabs are presented in Figures
is calculated from
911. The measured surface temperatures at the FWD
P
ISM =
sites are also plotted in these figures.
δ0
11
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