Figure 9. The "Basic Hydrology section."

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF SNOMLT

Hydrology section-continue - SR96_040025

SR96_04
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TOT LIQ WTR REL

Figure 9. The "Basic Hydrology section." For simplification, only the main elements

of the Hydrology section are shown. This section calculates the water budget for the

snowpack and therefore simulates snowfall, rainfall, sublimation, snowmelt, refreeze

of liquid water, and the liquid water released from the snowpack. Snowfall is simulat-

ed with NEWDEN, SNOWs, and SNOWE. Rain is simulated with RAINs, RAIN_IN_I

and RAIN_IN_II. Sublimation is simulated with SUBLIM and SUBLIMP. Snowmelt is

simulated with MELT_I and MELT_II. Refreeze of liquid water is simulated with RE-

FREZ. Liquid water released from the snowpack is simulated with EXCESS_LWC,

TOT_LIQ_WTR_REL, RAIN_IN_II, and MELT_II.

RAIN_IN_II are initially zero because TEMPs is below zero. REFREZ is zero because there is no

liquid water in the snowpack to be refrozen. SNOWE is zero because no snow has fallen. Finally,

SUBLM is set to zero as its value in the original GAWSER model is zero.

The Hydrology section is shown in Figure 9. (For simplification, only the main elements of the

Hydrology section are shown in Figure 9 as the "Basic Hydrology section.") KF, KMa, MELTP,

TBAS, and TEMPSWITCH from Table 3 are not shown in Figure 9, but are clustered together at the

bottom of the Hydrology section in the main object model (these objects are shown in Fig. 10).

The following equations calculate LWC, SWC, and TOT_LIQ_WTR_REL in the Hydrology sec-

tion for every time interval:

Figure 10. Object-code required to better simu-

late melting and refreezing. For simplification,

only the main objects which calculate melting and

refreezing in the snowpack are shown. For further

simplification, TEMPs and TBAS were arranged dif-

ferently here than they appear in the main object

model. TEMPSWITCH, which contains the value of

zero, was added to Object-GAWSER to better simu-

late melting and refreezing within the snowpack.

When the value of TEMPs is greater than the value

TEMPSWITCH, snowmelt occurs. When the value of

TEMPs is less than TEMPSWITCH, refreezing of liq-

uid water in the snowpack occurs. REFREZP and

KF simulate refreezing of liquid water in the snow-

pack. KMa and MELTP simulate snowmelt. TBAS,

TEMPs and TEMPSWITCH are used to simulate

both refreezing of liquid water and snowmelt.

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