four volatile organic compounds in soil subsam-
analysis. Journal of the Association of Official Analyti-
ples. USA Cold Regions Research and Engineering
cal Chemists, 72: 823827.
Laboratory, Special Report 94-6.
Minnich, M. and J. Zimmer (in press) Use of VOC-
Hewitt, A.D. (1994c) Comparison of methods for
fortified dry soils for evaluation of analytical meth-
sampling vadose zone soils for determination of
ods. Presented at the International Symposium on
trichloroethylene. Journal of the Association of Official
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the Envi-
Analytical Chemists, 77: 458463.
ronment, 1113 April, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Hewitt, A.D. (1994d) Preparation of spiked soils by
Plumb, R.H., Jr. and A.M. Pitchford (1985) Volatile
vapor fortification for volatile organic compound
organic scans. In Proceedings of the National Water
analysis. Journal of the Association of Official Analyti-
Well Association/American Petroleum Institute Confer-
cal Chemists, 77: 735737.
ence on Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals
Hewitt, A.D. (1994e) Vapor-fortified QA/QC soil
in Ground Water, 1315 November, Houston, Texas, p.
subsamples for the analysis of volatile organic
1315.
compounds. American Environmental Laboratory,
Siegrist, R.L. and P.D. Jenssen (1990) Evaluation of
March.
sampling methods effects on volatile organic com-
Hewitt, A.D. (in press) Vapor fortification: A meth-
pound measurements in contaminated soils. Envi-
od to prepare performance evaluation standards
ronmental Science and Technology, 24: 13871392.
Siegrist, R.L. and J.J. van Ee (Ed.) (1993) A sympo-
for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in
sium summary: Measuring and interpreting VOCs
soil. Presented at the 2nd International Conference
in soils: State of the art and research needs. EPA/
on Onsite Analysis, 2426 January, Houston, Texas.
540/R-94/506.
Hewitt, A.D., T.F. Jenkins, C.L. Grant and M.H.
Stutz (1994) Round-robin study of performance
Urban, M.J., J.S. Smith, E.K. Schultz and R.K. Dick-
evaluation materials for the analysis of volatile or-
inson (1989) Volatile organic analysis for a soil sed-
ganic compounds in soil: Preliminary assessment.
iment or waste sample. In 5th Annual Waste Testing
In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Waste Testing &
& Quality Assurance Symposium. U.S. Environmen-
Quality Assurance Symposium, 1115 July 1994,
tal Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1989, p.
Arlington, Virginia, p. 522530.
II-87II-101.
Jenkins, T.F. and P.W. Schumacher (1987) Compari-
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1986) Test
son of methanol and tetraglyme as extraction sol-
Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste.
Vol. 1B, Wash-
vents for determination of volatile organics in soil.
ington, D.C.
USA Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab-
Youden, W.J. and E.H. Steiner (1975) Statistical
oratory, Special Report 87-22.
Manual of the Association of Official Analytical Chem-
ists: Statistical Techniques for Collaborative Tests. Ar-
Lewis, T.E., A.B. Crockett, R.L. Siegrist and K. Zarra-
lington, Virginia: Association of Official Analytical
analysis for volatile organic compounds. Washing-
Chemists.
ton D.C.: Technology Innovation Office, Office of
Zarrabi, K., A.J. Cross-Smiecinski and T. Starks
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Envi-
(1991) A review of existing soil quality assurance
ronmental Protection Agency, EPA/590/4-91/001.
materials. In Second International Symposium, Field
Screening Methods for Hazardous Waste and Toxic
Maskarinec, M.P., L.H. Johnson and C.K. Bayne
(1989) Preparation of reference water and soil sam-
Chemicals, 1214 February, Las Vegas, Nevada, p.
ples for performance evaluation of volatile organic
235252.
8