Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.
1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YY)
2. REPORT TYPE
3. DATES COVERED (From - To)
August 2000
Technical Report
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
5b. GRANT NUMBER
Analysis of Explosives-Related Chemical Signatures in Soil Samples
Collected Near Buried Land Mines
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
6. AUTHOR(S)
5d. PROJECT NUMBER
Thomas F. Jenkins, Marianne E. Walsh, Paul H. Miyares, Jessica A. Kopczynski,
5e. TASK NUMBER
Thomas A. Ranney, Vivian George, Judith C. Pennington, and Thomas E. Berry, Jr.
5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT
NUMBER
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center
Cold Regions Research and Engineering
Environmental Laboratory
Laboratory
3909 Halls Ferry Rd.
72 Lyme Road
Vicksburg, Mississippi
ERDC TR-00-5
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
11. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S REPORT
NUMBER(S)
3701 Fairfax Drive
Arlington, VA 22203
12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
14. ABSTRACT
Over 1000 soil samples were collected at the surface and at depth near buried TMA-5, TMM-1, PMA-1A, PMA-2, and Type 72 land mines
at a research minefield at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, in 1998 and 1999. Soil samples were extracted with acetonitrile and analyzed by
GC-ECD for nitroaromatic, nitramine, and aminonitroaromatic compounds to determine the concentrations of explosives-related chemical
(ERC) signatures that collect in soil near buried land mines. The most often detected 20 different ERC compounds were 2,4-dinitrotoluene
(2,4-DNT), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (2,4,6-TNT), and two environmental transformation products of 2,4,6-TNT: 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene
(2-ADNT) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT). Generally, in surface soils, either 2-ADNT, 4-ADNT, or 2,4-DNT were the ERCs
most often detected and were present at the highest concentrations. ERCs were much more prevalent near TMA-5 and PMA-1A land mines
than TMM-1 and PMA-2 mines. ERCs were spatially heterogeneous in soil, but were found most often in a discontinuous cylinder around
the perimeters of the mines, under the mines, and in a discontinuous halo in the surface soil. It appears that the frequency of detection of
ERCs in soil near the TMA-5 and PMA-1A mines is continuing to increase with time. Soil/air partition coefficients, estimated for ERC
analytes using explosives-contaminated soil from the research minefield, and the median values for these compounds, estimated in the
surface soils, were used to predict the concentrations of ERCs in the boundary layer air above buried TMA-5 and PMA-1A mines. 2,4-DNT
and the two isomers of ADNT give the greatest promise for success in chemically detecting buried mines.
Chemical detection
Explosives fate and transport
PMA-2
TMM-1
15. SUBJECT TERMS
Chemical signatures
Land mine detection
Soil/air partition coefficients
TNT
DARPA
Mine detection
Soil analysis
Type 72
Explosives
PMA-1A
TMA-5
16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:
17. LIMITATION OF
18. NUMBER
19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON
OF ABSTRACT
OF PAGES
a. REPORT
b. ABSTRACT
c. THIS PAGE
19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include area code)
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85
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)
]Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239.18
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