Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)
2. REPORT DATE
3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
September 1996
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. FUNDING NUMBERS
Ice Action on Riprap:
Small-Scale Tests
CWIS 32548
6. AUTHORS
Devinder S. Sodhi, Sharon L. Borland and Jesse M. Stanley
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
CRREL Report 96-12
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSORING/MONITORING
AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
Office of the Chief of Engineers
Washington, DC 20314-1000
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
We conducted 35 small-scale experiments to assess the damage on riprap-covered banks by ice shoving. A re-
view of literature on this subject revealed very little experience or guidance available for the design of riprap
in the cold regions, where presence of moving ice can cause substantial damage to a riprapped bank. During
the experimental program, we changed the slope of the model riprap bank, the size and the mix of rocks, and
the thickness of model ice sheets. Results of these tests are presented in terms of measured horizontal and verti-
cal forces, outcome of interaction as pileup or ride-up events, and damage to the model riprap bank. From the
observations made during the tests, the damage to the riprap appears to take place during pileup events, be-
cause the incoming ice sheet is forced to go between the riprap and the piled-up ice, bringing with it rocks from
the bottom to the surface of an ice pile. To sustain no damage to the riprapped protective layer, maximum rock
size (D100) should be twice the ice thickness for shallow slopes (1V:3H) and about three times the ice thickness
for steeper slopes (1V:1.5H).
14. SUBJECT TERMS
15. NUMBER OF PAGES
70
Bank protection
Lake ice
Sea ice
Cold regions
Riprap
Shore protection
16. PRICE CODE
Ice shoving
River ice
Small-scale tests
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT
OF THIS PAGE
OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UL
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)
NSN 7540-01-280-5500
Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18
298-102
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