Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)
2. REPORT DATE
3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
November 1995
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. FUNDING NUMBERS
A Doppler Radar for Continuous Remote Measurement
PR: 4A762784AT42
of River Ice Velocity
WU: 001
TA: CS
6. AUTHORS
Michael G. Ferrick, Norbert E. Yankielun and David F. Nelson
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
CRREL Report 95-21
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSORING/MONITORING
AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
Office of the Chief of Engineers
Washington, DC 20314-1000
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
For conversion of SI units to non-SI units of measurement consult Standard Practice for Use of the International System of Units (SI),
ASTM Standard E380-93, published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19103.
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
River ice velocity measurements are fundamental to analyses of river ice dynamics. Ice velocity measurement
with a continuous-wave Doppler radar system having real-time data acquisition and digital signal processing
capability was evaluated during a river breakup and a frazil run on the Connecticut River. This system can be
rapidly deployed, requires minimal operator interaction, will continuously acquire, process, store, and display
ice velocity data and does not depend on visibility conditions. In parallel, video records of ice motion were
obtained at the same location for later manual processing and comparison with the radar results. We describe
the Doppler radar system and obtain bounding estimates of possible measurement errors. The principal error
in Doppler ice velocity measurement is due to the beam width of the radar antenna, and an analytical method
is developed to minimize this error. Measured ice velocities ranged from 1 to 2.5 m/s during the river breakup
and from 0.5 to 0.65 m/s in the frazil run. Quantitative comparisons between the radar and video results show
fundamental agreement between these measurement methods and demonstrate that Doppler radar is an effec-
tive, efficient, and precise tool for obtaining river ice velocities over the full range of possible ice and velocity
conditions.
14. SUBJECT TERMS
15. NUMBER OF PAGES
17
Doppler radar
Radar
River ice
Velocity
16. PRICE CODE
Ice movement
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT
OF THIS PAGE
OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UL
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)
NSN 7540-01-280-5500
Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18
298-102
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