Banke, E.G. and S.D. Smith (1973) Wind stress on
Lettau, H. (1969) Note on aerodynamic rough-
Arctic sea ice. Journal of Geophysical Research, 78:
ness-parameter estimation on the basis of rough-
78717883.
ness-element description. Journal of Applied
Banke, E.G., S.D. Smith and R.J. Anderson (1976)
Meteorology, 8: 828832.
Recent measurements of wind stress on Arctic sea
Lytle, V.I. and S.F. Ackley (1991) Sea ice ridging in
ice. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada,
the eastern Weddell Sea. Journal of Geophysical Re-
33: 23072317.
search, 96: 18,41118,416.
Banke, E.G., S.D. Smith and R.J. Anderson (1980)
Mellor, M. (1965) Blowing snow. USA Cold Re-
Drag coefficients at AIDJEX from sonic anemome-
gions Research and Engineering Laboratory,
ter measurements. In Sea Ice Processes and Models
Cold Regions Science and Engineering Mono-
(R.S. Pritchard, Ed.). Seattle: University of Wash-
graph, Part III, Section A3c.
ington Press, p. 430442.
Overland, J.E. (1985) Atmospheric boundary lay-
Brutsaert, W.H. (1982) Evaporation into the Atmo-
er structure and drag coefficients over sea ice.
sphere: Theory, History and Applications. Dor-
Journal of Geophysical Research, 90: 90299049.
drecht: D. Reidel.
Owen, P.R. (1964) Saltation of uniform grains in
Claussen, M. (1991) Estimation of areally-aver-
air. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 20: 225242.
aged surface fluxes. Boundary-Layer Meteorology,
Plate, E.J. (1971) Aerodynamic Characteristics of At-
54: 387410.
mospheric Boundary Layers. Oak Ridge, Tennessee:
Fazu, C. and P. Schwerdtfeger (1989) Flux-gradi-
U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.
ent relationships for momentum and heat over a
Radok, U. (1968) Deposition and erosion of snow
rough natural surface. Quarterly Journal of the Roy-
by the wind. USA Cold Regions Research and En-
al Meteorological Society, 115: 335352.
gineering Laboratory, Research Report 230.
Fiedler, F. and H.A. Panofsky (1972) The geo-
Raupach, M.R. (1992) Drag and drag partition on
strophic drag coefficient and the `effective'
rough surfaces. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 60:
roughness length. Quarterly Journal of the Royal
375395.
Meteorological Society, 98: 213220.
Raupach, M.R., D.A. Gillette and J.F. Leys (1993)
Finney, E.A. (1939) Snow drift control by highway
The effect of roughness elements on wind erosion
design. Engineering Experiment Station, Michi-
threshold. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98:
gan State College, East Lansing, Bulletin 86.
30233029.
Jackson, B.S. and J.J. Carroll (1978) Aerodynamic
Stanhill, G. (1969) A simple instrument for the
roughness as a function of wind direction over
field measurement of turbulent diffusion flux.
asymmetric surface elements. Boundary-Layer Me-
Journal of Applied Meteorology, 8: 509513.
teorology, 14: 323330.
Sugita, M. and W. Brutsaert (1990) Wind velocity
Joffre, S.M. (1982) Momentum and heat transfers
measurements in the neutral boundary layer
in the surface layer over a frozen sea. Boundary-
above hilly prairie. Journal of Geophysical Research,
Layer Meteorology, 24: 211229.
95: 76177624.
Kondo, J. and H. Yamazawa (1986) Bulk transfer
Taylor, P.A. (1988) Turbulent wakes in the atmo-
coefficient over a snow surface. Boundary-Layer
spheric boundary layer. In Flow and Transport in
Meteorology, 34: 123135.
the Natural Environment: Advances and Applications
Kutzbach, J.E. (1961) Investigation of the modifi-
(W.L. Steffen and O.T. Denmead, Eds.). Berlin:
cation of wind profiles by artificially controlled
Springer-Verlag, p. 270292.
surface roughness. In Annual Report 1961, De-
Thom, A.S. (1971) Momentum absorption by veg-
partment of Meteorology, University of Wiscon-
etation. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorologi-
sin, Madison, p. 71113.
cal Society, 97: 414428.
12
Previous Page
