Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.
1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)
2. REPORT DATE
3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
May 1995
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. FUNDING NUMBERS
Winter Navigation on the Great Lakes: A Review of Environmental Studies
Intra-Army Reimbursable
6. AUTHORS
Order NCE-IA-860127
James L. Wuebben, Editor
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
CRREL Report 95-10
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSORING/MONITORING
AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Engineer District, Detroit
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
In 1970, Congress authorized a three-part Great LakesSt. Lawrence Seaway Navigation Season Extension Pro-
gram. It authorized a winter navigation demonstration program, a detailed survey study of season extension
feasibility and a study of insurance rates for shippers. This report provides a review of numerous environmental
and engineering studies conducted as part of the demonstration and feasibility portions of the program, as well
as many environmental studies conducted after the completion of the original program. Topics include sedi-
ment transport, shoreline erosion, shore structure damage, oil and hazardous substance spills, biological effects,
ship-induced vibrations and ice control systems.
14. SUBJECT TERMS
15. NUMBER OF PAGES
59
Great Lakes
Navigation
Winter navigation
16. PRICE CODE
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT
OF THIS PAGE
OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UL
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)
NSN 7540-01-280-5500
Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18
298-102
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