Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)
2. REPORT DATE
3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
March 1995
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. FUNDING NUMBERS
Initial Analyses of Eagle River Flats Hydrology and Sedimentology,
Fort Richardson, Alaska
6. AUTHORS
Daniel E. Lawson, Susan R. Bigl, John H. Bodette and Patricia Weyrick
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
CRREL Report 95-5
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSORING/MONITORING
AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Engineer District, Alaska
Fort Richardson, Alaska
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
The physical environment of Eagle River Flats (ERF), a subarctic tidal flat and salt marsh, is progressively
changing because of the interactions of multiple physical processes, including a high tidal range, two primary
sediment sources, cold climate and location within an active earthquake zone. In addition, ERF has been used by
the U.S. Army as an artillery range, where high explosives or smoke-producing shells have been detonated,
causing cratering and disrupting drainage. The physical environment of ERF needs to be understood to help re-
mediate a problem of unusually high mortality rates in migrating waterfowl. This high mortality of ducks is at-
tributable to ingestion of elemental white phosphorus (P4) particles (from smoke-producing devices), which are
now distributed within near-surface sediments of the ponds and marshes. The complexity of this dynamic envi-
ronment makes it extremely difficult to predict what physical effects remedial measures for the P4 contamina-
tion will have and, conversely, what short- and long-term effects the physical system will have on the effective-
ness and success of proposed remedies. Understanding both the system's response and the effects of remedial
technologies is critical to deciding what measures are used. This report presents the initial analysis of the physi-
cal processes of erosion, sedimentation and sediment transport and the factors controlling their activity within a
portion of ERF.
14. SUBJECT TERMS
15. NUMBER OF PAGES
46
Alaska
Hydrology
White phosphorus
Artillery
Sediments
16. PRICE CODE
Eagle River Flats
Waterfowl mortality
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT
OF THIS PAGE
OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UL
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)
NSN 7540-01-280-5500
Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18
298-102
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