Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.
1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YY)
3. DATES COVERED (From - To)
2. REPORT TYPE
April 2000
Technical Report
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
Glacial Geology and Stratigraphy of Fort Richardson, Alaska:
5b. GRANT NUMBER
A Review of Available Data on the Hydrogeology
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
6. AUTHOR(S)
5d. PROJECT NUMBER
Lewis E. Hunter, Daniel E. Lawson, Susan R. Bigl,
5e. TASK NUMBER
Peggy B. Robinson, and Joel D. Schlagel
5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT
NUMBER
U.S. Army Engineer and Research Development Center
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
Technical Report TR-00-3
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)
U.S. Army Alaska
11. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S REPORT
NUMBER(S)
Fort Richardson, Alaska
12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
14. ABSTRACT
The surficial geology and glacial stratigraphy of Fort Richardson are extremely complex. Recent mapping by the USGS
shows the general distribution of surficial deposits, but details on the underlying stratigraphy remain poorly known, leav-
ing a critical gap in the understanding of ground water conditions below Fort Richardson. A conceptual model of the sub-
surface stratigraphy was developed on the basis of results of recent surficial mapping, current knowledge of the glacial
history, studies of modern glaciers, and limited subsurface data. A confining layer below the southern half of the canton-
ment is likely the northern extension of an "older" ground moraine that crops out further to the south. Below the canton-
ment, this moraine is buried below about 15 m of outwash and fan deposits, but it appears to be absent to the north, where
the confined and unconfined aquifers are hydraulically connected. The northern limit of the "continuous" ground moraine
is roughly below the cantonment and parts of Operable Unit D. Buried silt horizons in the fan probably create the locally
perched aquifers; however, erosional remnants of the ground moraine and interfingering of debris flow deposits along the
Elmendorf Moraine are plausible alternatives. These deposits are composed of finer-grained materials that slow ground
water infiltration and cause water to accumulate.
15. SUBJECT TERMS
Glacial stratigraphy
Quaternary geology
Anchorage, Alaska
Mountain view fan
Elmendorf Moraine
16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:
17. LIMITATION OF
18. NUMBER
19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON
OF ABSTRACT
OF PAGES
19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include area code)
a. REPORT
b. ABSTRACT
c. THIS PAGE
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78
Standard Form contents
to 298 (Rev. 8-98)
Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239.18
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