Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302.
Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid
OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.
1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YY)
2. REPORT TYPE
3. DATES COVERED (From - To)
August 2000
Technical Report
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
5b. GRANT NUMBER
Use of Surface Snow Sampling to Estimate the Quantity of
Explosives Residues Resulting from Land Mine Detonations
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
6. AUTHOR(S)
5d. PROJECT NUMBER
5e. TASK NUMBER
Thomas F. Jenkins, Thomas A. Ranney, Paul H. Miyares,
Nicholas H. Collins, and Alan D. Hewitt
5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT
NUMBER
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
ERDC/CRREL TR 00-12
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)
DARPA
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
11. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S REPORT
3701 North Fairfax Drive
NUMBER(S)
Arlington, Virginia 22203-1714
12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
14. ABSTRACT
A PMA-2 antipersonnel land mine from Yugoslavia was detonated with an M6 blasting cap on a snow-covered range at Camp Ethan Allen
Training Site, Jericho, Vermont. The main charge of the PMA-2 was 100 g of TNT with 13 g of RDX as a booster. The surface that was
impacted by the detonation (381 m2) was visually identified by the presence of soot, which was produced by detonation of TNT from the
main charge of the PMA-2. A total of 15 surface snow samples (each 2.3 m2) was collected using an unpainted aluminum snow shovel and
analyzed for explosives residues by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). These samples accounted for 7.3%
of the impacted surface. The major explosives-related chemicals (ERC) detected were TNT and RDX. 2,4-DNT was detected in the
detonation crater, apparently because of the presence of propellant from previous range use, and at low concentration in several of the
surface snow samples. The surface concentrations of TNT were similar to those resulting from a buried mine. The rate of transformation of
TNT is rapid, however, and concentrations would rapidly decline without a continuing source of TNT. Thus the residues resulting from a
mine detonation do not seem to pose a serious background problem for the use of chemical sensors to detect the presence of buried land
mines. The utility of conducting these types of tests on a snow-covered range was demonstrated.
15. SUBJECT TERMS
Surface sampling
Explosives residues
RDX
TNT
Land-mine detection
Snow
Detonation
16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:
17. LIMITATION OF
18. NUMBER
19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON
OF ABSTRACT
OF PAGES
a. REPORT
b. ABSTRACT
c. THIS PAGE
19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include area code)
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Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)
Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239.18
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