Study. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engi-
Table 12. Comparison between GC-TID
neering Laboratory Special Report 99-9.
laboratory and reference laboratory re-
Hewitt, A.D., T.F. Jenkins, and T.A. Ranney (2000)
sults for HMX in selected ETV samples.
On-site method for nitroaromatic and nitramine explo-
sives using GC-thermionic detectors. In 2nd Interna-
(HMX mg/kg)
tional Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and
Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, California, May
Sample
TID
Ref lab*
2225. (C2-1), p. 8794.
1050
240
370
Jenkins, T.F., C.L. Grant, G.S. Brar, P.G. Thorne,
1073
200
252
T.A. Ranney, and P.W. Schumacher (1996) Assess-
1092
230
259
ment of sampling error associated with collection and
1013
200
264
analysis of soil samples at explosives-contaminated
1034
200
278
1031
180
248
sites. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineer-
1098
240
322
ing Laboratory Special Report 96-15.
1067
230
185
Jenkins, T.F., M.E. Walsh, P.G. Thorne, P.H.
1026
280
300
Miyares, T.A. Ranney, C.L. Grant, and J. Esparza
1084
210
185
(1998) Site characterization at the inland firing range
1066
300
392
1030
240
214
impact area at Fort Ord. U.S. Army Cold Regions Re-
1097
12
22.2
search and Engineering Laboratory Special Report 98-9.
1019
16
23.2
Jenkins, T.F., M.E. Walsh, P.H. Miyares, J.A.
1083
15
16.5
Kopczynski, T.A. Ranney, V. George, J.C.
1039
22
42
Pennington, and T.E. Berry, Jr. (2000) Analysis of
1014
1.7
8.3
1074
3.0
3.6
explosives-related chemical signatures in soil samples
1064
2.8
3.5
collected near buried land mines. U.S. Army Engineer
1072
2.5
4.3
Research and Development Center, ERDC/CRREL
Technical Report TR-00-5.
*Method 8330
ORNL (2000) Technology Verification Test Plan:
Evaluation of explosives field analysis techniques. Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
Patterson, P.L. (1986) Recent advances in thermionic
Use of the on-site GC-TID method is compatible
ionization detection for gas chromatography. Journal
with the use of dynamic sampling plans being advo-
of Chromatographic Science, 24: p. 4152.
cated by the U.S. EPA. This near-real-time capability
U.S. EPA (1994) Method 8330: Nitroaromatics and
greatly improves the field sampling team's ability to
nitramines by HPLC. In Test Methods for Evaluating
identify which explosives analytes are present at a site
Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, Office of
and characterize their distribution and concentrations.
Solid Waste and Emergency Response. U.S. Environ-
These capabilities and the low cost of the instrument
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., SW-846,
and sample preparation equipment make this method
through update 4b (www.epa.gov/sw-846).
of explosives residue analysis a good addition to those
U.S. EPA (1996a) Method 4050: TNT explosives in
already endorsed by the US EPA.
soil by immunoassay. In Test Methods for Evaluating
Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, Office of
LITERATURE CITED
Solid Waste and Emergency Response. U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., SW-846,
through update 4b (www.epa.gov/sw-846).
Crockett, A.B., H.D. Craig, T.F. Jenkins, and W.E.
U.S. EPA (1996b) Method 4051: Hexahydro-1,3,5-
Sisk (1996) Field sampling and selecting on-site ana-
trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in soil by immunoassay.
lytical methods for explosives in soil. Federal Facili-
In Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/
ties Forum Issue. EPA Report 540/R-97/501.
Chemical Methods, Office of Solid Waste and Emer-
Crockett, A.B., H.D. Craig, and T.F. Jenkins (1999)
gency Response. U.S. Environmental Protection
Field sampling and selecting on-site methods for ex-
Agency, Washington, D.C., SW-846, through update
plosives in water. EPA Federal Facilities Forum Issue.
4b (www.epa.gov/sw-846).
EPA Report 600/S-99/002.
U.S. EPA (1996c) Method 8515: Colorimetric screen-
Hewitt, A.D., and T.F. Jenkins (1999) On-site method
ing method for trinitrotoluene (TNT) in soil. In Test
for measuring nitroaromatic and nitramine explosives
Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemi-
in soil and groundwater using GC-NPD: Feasibility
17
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