Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing
this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302.
Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid
OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.
1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YY)
2. REPORT TYPE
3. DATES COVERED (From - To)
February 2001
Technical Report
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
5b. GRANT NUMBER
Release of Explosive-Related Vapors from Land Mines
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
6. AUTHOR(S)
5d. PROJECT NUMBER
5e. TASK NUMBER
Daniel C. Leggett, James H. Cragin. Thomas F. Jenkins, and Thomas Ranney
5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT
NUMBER
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
ERDC/CRREL TR-01-6
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
11. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S REPORT
3701 Fairfax Drive
NUMBER(S)
Arlington, Virginia 22203
12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
14. ABSTRACT
Canine detection of buried land mines is thought to be an olfactory process, and efforts are now underway to develop electronic sensing
of explosive vapors. Because the quantity and identity of these vapors is critical, the fluxes of explosive-related vapors from several types
of land mine have been measured. The flux is in turn subject to a number of environmental constraints. Here, the influence of temperature
over a range of 4 to 34C is reported. To obtain these measurements, the land mines were confined in bags made of polyvinylfluoride
(Tedlar) or submerged in water. Emitted vapors collected on the bag surfaces or in water were subsequently determined by HPLC-UV.
Fluxes of TNT and its volatile impurities or RDX are well described by a simple exponential of temperature and were related to the size,
type of casing, and the degree to which it was sealed. These tests also revealed the importance of water as an environmental influence.
Decreased fluxes in air compared to water were probably caused by mass transport resistance. In most cases, 2,4-DNT was the principal
component of the signature.
15. SUBJECT TERMS
Explosive vapors
DNT
Mine detection
TNT
Land mines
Explosive sniffing
RDX
16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:
17. LIMITATION OF
18. NUMBER
19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON
OF ABSTRACT
OF PAGES
a. REPORT
b. ABSTRACT
c. THIS PAGE
19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include area code)
U
U
U
15
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)
Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239.18
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