Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302.
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OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.
1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YY)
3. DATES COVERED (From - To)
2. REPORT TYPE
January 2001
Technical Report
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
5b. GRANT NUMBER
Off-the-Shelf Antifreeze Admixture for Concrete:
Initial Laboratory Investigation
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
6. AUTHOR(S)
5d. PROJECT NUMBER
Charles J. Korhonen and Sherri A. Orchino
5e. TASK NUMBER
5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT
NUMBER
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
ERDC/CRREL TR-01-2
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)
11. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S REPORT
NUMBER(S)
12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
14. ABSTRACT
Set-controlling and water-reducing admixtures conforming to ASTM C 494 were studied for their effect on strength gain of portland
cement concrete at below-freezing temperatures. Because standard practice does not limit the number of admixtures that can be used in
concrete, the objective was to use as many admixtures as necessary to depress the freezing point of the mix water to 5C (23F) or below
and to promote strength gain reasonably quickly. A combination of set accelerators with water reducers showed promise of promoting
significant strength gain at nearly 10C (14F), but at the sacrifice of workability. More work needs to be done to develop a combination
of off-the-shelf admixtures that will permit concreting at temperatures as low as 10C (14F).
15. SUBJECT TERMS
Antifreeze admixtures
Freezethaw
Cold weather concrete
Winter construction
16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:
17. LIMITATION OF
18. NUMBER
19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON
OF ABSTRACT
OF PAGES
19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include area code)
a. REPORT
b. ABSTRACT
c. THIS PAGE
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Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)
]Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239.18
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