Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.
1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YY)
2. REPORT TYPE
3. DATES COVERED (From - To)
November 2001
Technical Report
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
5b. GRANT NUMBER
Finite Element Modeling of TireTerrain Interaction
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
6. AUTHOR(S)
5d. PROJECT NUMBER
5e. TASK NUMBER
Sally A. Shoop
5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT
NUMBER
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
ERDC/CRREL TR-01-16
Hanover, NH 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)
Office of the Chief of Engineers
11. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S REPORT
Washington, D.C. 20314-1000
NUMBER(S)
12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
14. ABSTRACT
The desire to incorporate theoretical mechanics into off-road vehicle performance prediction has generated great interest in applying
numerical modeling techniques to simulate the interaction of the tire and terrain. Therefore, a full three-dimensional model simulating a tire
rolling over deformable terrain was developed. Tires were simulated using a rigid wheel, a deformable tire simplified with user-defined
sidewall elements, and modal analysis tire models. Model comparisons with measured, hard-surface tire deformation and contact stress
showed very good agreement. The simplified tire model was much more computationally efficient but the modal analysis model yielded
better contact stress distribution. Each of the tire models was then combined with rolling on deformable terrain. Fresh snow and compacted
sand surfaces were modeled using critical-state plasticity models. The rigid wheel model was validated on snow using field measurements
of tire forces and snow deformation and then compared to performance predictions using the NATO Reference Mobility Model. These
comparisons indicate excellent agreement between the model and the measurements. Preliminary results of the modal analysis tire model on
snow show very little deformation in the tire, indicating that the rigid wheel simplification may be a good approximation for soft terrain.
15. SUBJECT TERMS
Mobility
Tires
Tire modeling
16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:
17. LIMITATION OF
18. NUMBER
19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON
OF ABSTRACT
OF PAGES
a. REPORT
b. ABSTRACT
c. THIS PAGE
19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include area code)
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70
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)
Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239.18
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