Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing
this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302.
Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid
OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.
1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YY)
2. REPORT TYPE
3. DATES COVERED (From - To)
August 2001
Technical Report
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
5b. GRANT NUMBER
A Method for Producing Fine-Grained Ice from Snow Compaction
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
6. AUTHOR(S)
5d. PROJECT NUMBER
Deborah Diemand and Valery Klokov
5e. TASK NUMBER
5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT
NUMBER
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
ERDC/CRREL TR-01-12
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)
Office of the Chief of Engineers
Washington, DC 20314
11. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S REPORT
NUMBER(S)
12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
14. ABSTRACT
This report describes a preliminary study of the fabrication of building blocks by converting snow directly to ice without the very high energy
cost of melting it first. This was accomplished by a hot sinter technique that produced a very fine-grained material that is considerably
stronger than natural ice. The very high pressures applied to the snow appear not only to have reduced the grain size present in the raw
material (natural snow), but to have completed the sintering process before the block was removed from its form, as there was no convincing
increase in strength at any storage temperature over a period of 20 days, nor were there any striking crystallographic changes.
15. SUBJECT TERMS
Fine-grained ice
Hot pressing
Snow compaction
High-pressure compaction
Snow bricks
Snow construction
16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:
17. LIMITATION OF
18. NUMBER
19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON
OF ABSTRACT
OF PAGES
a. REPORT
b. ABSTRACT
c. THIS PAGE
19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include area code)
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43
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)
]Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239.18
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