Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing
this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302.
Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid
OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.
1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YY)
3. DATES COVERED (From - To)
2. REPORT TYPE
November 1999
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
5b. GRANT NUMBER
Expedient Low-Temperature Concrete Admixtures for the Army
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
4A762784AT42
6. AUTHOR(S)
5d. PROJECT NUMBER
5e. TASK NUMBER
Charles J. Korhonen
5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
AT42-TO-011
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT
NUMBER
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
Special Report 99-17
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)
Office of the Chief of Engineers
11. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S REPORT
Washington, D.C. 20314
NUMBER(S)
12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
14. ABSTRACT
Over 50 chemical combinations were studied for their effect on the strength gain of mortar when it is below freezing. The
chemicals studied were limited to those that are readily available most anywhere, but that are not marketed as admixtures
for concrete. Four admixtures were developed from these chemicals that allowed mortar to gain full strength at 10C as
rapidly as normal mortar cured at temperatures between 5 and 10C. A host of other chemicals allowed mortar to recover
full strength when cooled to the point that cement hydration ceased or that allowed mortar to continually gain modest
strength while at low temperature with only minimal loss of ultimate strength. Guidance is provided for expedient field
use--for concrete not expected to last more than 5 years.
15. SUBJECT TERMS
Expedient construction
Antifreeze mixture
Low-temperature construction
Cold-weather concrete
16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:
17. LIMITATION OF
18. NUMBER
19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON
OF ABSTRACT
OF PAGES
19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include area code)
a. REPORT
b. ABSTRACT
c. THIS PAGE
Unclassified
Unclassified
Unclassified
UL
20
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)
Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239.18
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