Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)
2. REPORT DATE
3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
xxxxxx 1999
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. FUNDING NUMBERS
Eagle River Flats Remediation Project:
Comprehensive Bibliography--1950 to 1998
6. AUTHORS
Sae Im Nam, Michael R. Walsh, Charles Collins, and Lisa Thomas
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
Special Report 99-xx
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSORING/MONITORING
AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Environmental Center
Abderdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
For conversion of SI units to non-SI units of measurement consult Standard Practice for Use of the
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
International System of Units (SI), ASTM Standard E380-93, published by the American Society for Testing and Materials,
100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Pa. 19428-2959.
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
White phosphorus (WP) has been implicated in the deaths of thousands of waterfowl annually at Eagle River
Flats (ERF), an estuarine salt marsh located on Fort Richardson near Anchorage, Alaska. The source of WP con-
tamination at ERF was the firing of WP-containing munitions into the area by the U.S. military. WP is a well-
known toxicant and is lethal to a wide range of species. However, WP contamination at ERF is the first docu-
mented case of a U.S. Army munitions impact area contaminated with WP particles. This has led to the designa-
tion of ERF as a Superfund site by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Army must follow the
guidelines of remediation set by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Numerous studies have been conducted to better characterize the nature and the extent of WP con-
tamination, and treatability studies for remediation processes are currently being implemented. This comprehen-
sive bibliography provides all publications related to WP contamination remediation project at Eagle River Flats
through 1998.
14. SUBJECT TERMS
15. NUMBER OF PAGES
103
Eagle River Flats
Superfund
Abstracts
White Phosphorus
Wetlands
Bibliography
16. PRICE CODE
Remediation
Contamination
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT
OF THIS PAGE
OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UL
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)
NSN 7540-01-280-5500
Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18
to contents
298-102
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