tion of the first system, was ordered, received,
ation of white phosphorus contamination and poten-
and operational within 2 days. It has been run-in
tial treatability at Eagle River Flats, Alaska (C.M.
and will be ready for deployment when needed,
Collins and D. Cate, Ed.). CRREL Contract Report
after some minor modifications.
to U.S. Army, Alaska, Directorate of Public
Works, FY97 Final Report, p. 81100.
The results from the sampling study indicate
In 1997, funds became available for the feasi-
the remediation may be possible over the course
bility study of pond pumping for remediation. A
of 3 good drying years (>60 core days without
pump system, consisting of an 80-kW generator
heavy rainfall). Based on composite sampling
set, a separate 7.56-m3/min (2000 gpm) pump,
results, more than 84% of the white phosphorus
and 335 m of 20-cm-diameter discharge line, was
was remediated over the summer, and approxi-
available for this study. Originally planned for
mately 55% of planted particles' mass (5.56 mg
use in Pond 109, the decision was made to try to
original mass) attenuated over the same time
treat Pond 183 (C Pond) with this system. Pond
span. For areas that may dry more slowly or flood
183 is not as isolated as Pond 109 and is much
more often, the term may be closer to the 5 years
larger. It is also interconnected with a large num-
predicted by CH2M HILL. Sumps are ready for
ber of adjacent ponds, including Pond 146, where
pump deployment in Ponds 155 and 290, and a
dredging had been conducted, and Pond 155
route has been marked for clearance and access to
(Lawson's Pond), another highly contaminated
Pond 146 next year. With pumps in Ponds 146, 155,
pond. Recharge from Clunie Creek and seeps
and 183, drawdown should be much more rapid
along the shore of Ponds 146 and 40 were also
than this season's, perhaps less than 24 hours.
thought to be problematic.
The pumped drainage of permanently ponded
The overall performance of the pumping sys-
areas and their associated intermittent ponds is
tem was much better than expected. The system
an almost ideal solution to the problem of white
easily addressed the target area and influenced a
phosphorus contamination in Eagle River Flats.
wide area surrounding it as well. Improvements
The relatively low costs and mild environmental
to the system increased its reliability and
impact of this remediation method make it a very
decreased the amount of human intervention
viable option where it can be applied. It may even
required to keep the system operational. A sec-
negate the need for bentonite coverage of most
ond pump system, incorporating most of the fea-
targeted areas. It should be considered in as many
tures developed during deployment and opera-
contaminated areas as feasible.
JOURNAL ARTICLES
no data exist on its environmental fate and effects.
Clark, L., J. Cummings, S. Bird, and E. Aronov
We have tested the acute toxicity of methyl anthra-
(1993) Acute toxicity of the bird repellent, methyl
nilate in a static system against the fry of four spe-
anthranilate, to fry of Salmo salar, Oncorhynus
cies of fish. The LC50 at 24 hours for Atlantic salm-
mykiss, Ictalurus punctatus and Lepomis macrochi-
on (Salmo salar L.) was 32.3 mg L1, with the no
rus. Pesticide Science, 39: 313317.
observable effect limit at 6 mg L1. The LC50 at 24
Several laboratory and field studies have
hours for rainbow trout (Oncorhynus mykiss Rich-
shown methyl anthranilate to be an effective,
ardson) was 23.5 mg L1, with the no observable
non-toxic, and non-lethal bird repellent, with
effect limit at 5 mg L1. The LC50 at 24 hours for
application potential for protecting crops, seeds,
channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Raf.) was esti-
turf, and fish stocks from bird damage. Further-
mated to be 20.1 mg L1, with the no observable
more, methyl anthranilate can be added to liquids
effect limit at 7 mg L1. The LC50 at 24 hours for
for the purposes of protecting migratory birds, e.g.,
bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Raf.) was
addition to waste water associated with mining
estimated to be 19.8 mg L1, with the no observ-
and to standing water pools at airports. Mamma-
able effect limit at 7 mg L1.
lian toxicity data are favorable. Methyl anthra-
nilate is used as a fragrance and food flavoring
Henry, K.S., M.R. Walsh, and S.H. Morin (1999)
and is GRAS listed by the U.S. Food and Drug
Selection of silt fence filter to retain suspended toxic
Administration. Despite the favorable outlook
particles. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 17: 371387.
for methyl anthranilate's use as a safe repellent,
75
to contents
to index
Previous Page
