9: 1416.
vations support the effort to include storage at
12 3C as a method of sample preservation and
Hewitt, A.D. (1998a) Laboratory study of VOC
partitioning: Vapor/aqueous/soil. USA Cold Re-
the use of an empty VOA vial as a transportation
gions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Spe-
and storage vessel, in future revisions of these
guidance documents.
cial Report 98-3.
Hewitt A.D. (1998b) Comparison of sample prepa-
ration methods for the analysis of volatile organic
compounds in soil samples: Solvent extraction vs.
LITERATURE CITED
vapor partitioning. Environmental Science and Tech-
nology, 32: 143149
Askari, M.D.F., M.P. Maskarinec, S.M. Smith,
P.M. Beam, and C.C. Travis (1996) Effectiveness
Illias, A.M., and C. Jaeger (1993) Evaluation of
of purge-and-trap for measurement of volatile or-
sampling techniques for the analysis of volatile
ganic compounds in aged soils. Analytical Chemis-
and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TRPH) by IR,
try, 68: 34313433.
GC, and GC/MS methods. Hydrocarbon Contami-
ASTM D4547-98 (in press) Standard guide for
nated Soils, 3: 147165. Chelsea, Michigan: Lewis
Publishers.
sampling waste and soils for volatile organic com-
pounds. American Society for Testing and Mate-
Lewis, T.E., A.B. Crockett, R.L. Siegrist, and K.
rials.
Zarrabi (1994) Soil sampling and analysis for vola-
Bradley, P.M., and F.H. Chapelle (1995) Rapid
tile organic compounds. Environmental Monitoring
toluene mineralization by aquifer microorganism
and Assessment, 30: 213246.
at Adak, Alaska: Implication for intrinsic
Liikala T.L., K.B. Olsen, S.S. Teel, and D.C.
bioremediation in cold environments. Environmen-
Lanigan (1996) Volatile organic compounds: Com-
tal Science and Technology, 29: 27782781.
parison of two sample collection and preservation
methods. Environmental Science and Technology, 30
Conant, B.H., R.W. Gillham, and C.A. Mendoza
(1996) Vapor transport of trichloroethylene in the
(12): 34413447.
unsaturated zone: Field and numerical modeling
Minnich, M.M., J.H. Zimmerman, and B.A.
investigations. Water Resources Research, 32: 922.
Schumacher (1996) Extraction methods for recov-
Hewitt, A.D. (1995a) Enhanced preservation of
ery of volatile organic compounds from fortified,
dry soils. Journal of the Association of Official Ana-
volatile organic compounds in soil with sodium
lytical Chemists, 79: 11981204.
bisulfate, USA Cold Regions Research and Engi-
Plumb, R.H., Jr., and A.M. Pitchford (1985) Vola-
neering Laboratory, Special Report 95-26.
tile organic scans: Implications for ground water
Hewitt, A.D. (1995b) Evaluation of methanol and
monitoring. In Proceedings of the National Water Well
NaHSO4 for preservation of volatile organic com-
Association/American Petroleum Institute Conference
pounds in soil subsamples. American Environmen-
on Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals
tal Laboratory, 8: 1618.
in Ground Water, November 1315, Houston, Texas.
Hewitt, A.D., and C.L. Grant (1995) Round robin
Siegrist, R.L., and P.D. Jenssen (1990) Evaluation
study of performance evaluation soils vapor-for-
of sampling method effects on volatile organic
tified with volatile organic compounds. Environ-
compounds measurements in contaminated soils.
mental Science and Technology, 29: 769774.
Environmental Science and Technology, 24: 13871392.
Hewitt, A.D., T.F. Jenkins, and C.L. Grant (1995)
Collection, handling, and storage: Keys to im-
Smith J.S., L. Enj, J. Comeau, C. Rose, R.M.
proved data quality for volatile organic com-
Schulte, M.J. Barcelona, K. Kloop, M.J. Pilgrim,
pounds in soil. American Environmental Laboratory,
M. Minnich, S. Feenstra, M.J. Urban, M.B. Moore,
7: 2528.
M.P. Maskarinec, R. Siegrist, J. Parr, and R.E.
Hewitt, A.D., and N.J.E. Lukash (1996) Obtain-
Claff (1996) Volatile organic compounds in soil:
ing and transferring soils for in-vial analysis of
Accurate and representative analysis. 3152-4/96/
0693, American Chemical Society, p. 693704.
volatile organic compounds. USA Cold Regions
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1986) Test
Research and Engineering Laboratory, Special Re-
port 96-5.
Hewitt A.D. (1997a) Chemical preservation of
Urban, M.J., J.S. Smith, E.K. Schultz, and R.K.
Dickinson (1989) Volatile organic analysis for a
volatile organic compounds in soil. Environmental
Science and Technology, 31: 6770
soil, sediment or waste sample. In 5th Annual Waste
Hewitt, A.D. (1997b) A tool for the collection and
Testing & Quality Assurance Symposium, U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.,
storage of soil samples for volatile organic com-
pp. II-87II-101.
pound analysis. American Environmental Laboratory,
20
Previous Page
