and its transformation products in soils and plant
would have to be released from 1 kg of organic
tissues by high-performance liquid chromatogra-
carbon. Therefore, the method is applicable only
phy. Journal of Chromatography, 518: 361374.
to high-carbon matrices like compost, digester
sludge, or plant and animal tissues. In soil or aqui-
Harvey, S.D., R.J. Fellows, D.A. Cataldo, and
R.M. Bean (1991) Fate of the explosive hexahydro-
fer materials that contain a few percent or less of
1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in soil and
organic carbon, there are not enough hydrolyzable
bioaccumulation in bush bean hydroponic plants.
products potentially available for analysis by this
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 10: 845855.
method.
Jenkins, T.F., and C.L. Grant (1987) Comparison
of extraction techniques for munitions residues in
soil. Analytical Chemistry, 59: 13261331.
LITERATURE CITED
Jenkins, T.F., P.G. Thorne, K.F. Myers, E.F.
McCormick, D.E. Parker, and B.L. Escalon (1995)
Ahmad, F., and D.J. Roberts (1995) Use of
Evaluation of the new clean solid phases for ex-
narrow-bore high-performance liquid chromotog-
traction of nitroaromatics and nitramines from wa-
raphy-diode array detection for the analysis of
ter. USA Cold Regions Research and Engineering
intermediates of the biological degradation of
Laboratory, Special Report 95-22.
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Journal of Chromatography, 93:
Kaplan, D.L., and A.M. Kaplan (1982) Thermo-
167175.
philic biotransformations of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
Binks, P.R., S. Nicklin, and N.C. Bruce (1995)
under simulated composting conditions. Applied
Degradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-
and Environmental Microbiology, 44: 757760.
triazine (RDX) by Stenotrophomanas maltophilia PB1.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61: 1318
McCormick, N.G., F.E. Feeherry, and H.S.
Levinson (1976) Microbial transformation of 2,4,6-
1322.
trinitrotoluene and other nitroaromatic com-
Carpenter, D.F., N.G. McCormick, J.H. Cornell,
pounds. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 31:
and A.M. Kaplan (1978) Microbial transformation
of 14C-labeled 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in an activated-
949958.
sludge system. Applied and Environmental Microbi-
McCormick, N.G., J.H. Cornell, and A.M. Kaplan
(1981) Biodegradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-
ology, 35: 949954.
1,3,5-triazine. Applied and Environmental Microbi-
Caton, J.E., C.-H. Ho, R.T. Williams, and W.H.
ology, 42: 817823.
Griest (1994) Characterization of insoluble frac-
Palazzo, A.J., and D.C. Leggett (1986a) Effect and
tions of TNT transformed by composting. Journal
disposition of TNT in a terrestrial plant. Journal of
of Environmental Science and Health: A, 29: 659670.
Environmental Quality, 15: 4952.
Checkai, R.T., and M. Simini (1996) Phytophysical
Palazzo, A.J., and D.C. Leggett (1986b) Effect and
response of crops to irrigation waters containing
disposition of TNT in a terrestrial plant and vali-
low concentrations of RDX and TNT:
dation of analytical methods. USA Cold Regions
Ecotoxicological implications. 20th Army Science
Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL
Conference, Norfolk, Virginia.
Report 86-15.
Comfort, S.D., P.J. Shea, L.S. Hundal, Z. Li, B.L.
Pennington, J.C. (1988) Soil sorption and plant
Woodbury, J.L. Martin, and W.L. Powers (1995)
uptake of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Ph.D. thesis. Loui-
TNT transport and fate in contaminated soils. Jour-
siana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
nal of Environmental Quality, 24: 11741182.
Pennington, J.C., C.A. Hayes, K.F. Myers, M.
Gorontzy, T., O. Drzyzga, M.W. Kahl, D. Bruns-
Ochman, D. Gunnison, D.R. Felt, and E.F.
Nagel, J. Breitung, E. von Loew, and K.-H.
McCormick (1995) Fate of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in
Blotevogel (1994) Microbial degradation of explo-
a simulated compost system. Chemosphere, 30: 429
sives and related compounds. Critical Reviews of
438.
Microbiology, 20: 265284.
Preuss, A., J. Fimpel, and G. Diekert (1993)
Gunderson, C.A., J.M. Kostuk, M.H. Gibbs, G.E.
Anaerobic transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
Napolitano, L.F. Wicker, J.E. Richmond, and A.J.
(TNT). Archives of Microbiology, 159: 345353.
Stewart (1997) Multispecies toxicity assessment of
Roberts, D.J., F. Ahmad, and S. Pendharkar (1996)
compost produced in bioremediation of an
Optimization of an aerobic polishing stage to com-
explosives-contaminated sediment. Environmental
plete the anaerobic treatment of munitions-
Toxicology and Chemistry, 16: 25292537.
contaminated soils. Environmental Science and Tech-
Harvey, S.D., R.J. Fellows, D.A. Cataldo, and
nology, 30: 20212026.
R.M. Bean (1990) Analysis of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
11
Previous Page
