530
525
520
515
Ice Jam
510
Sheet Ice
Open Water
505
16 103
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Average Daily Discharge (cfs)
Figure 7. Ice-jam rating curve for the Winooski River at Montpelier, Vermont,
calculated using HEC-2 and ICETHK. Stage follows the sheet-ice rating curve
until the breakup discharge is reached. The ice-jam rating curve is then used to
predict stage until the release discharge is reached and stage drops to the open
water curve.
for open water and sheet-ice conditions. Note that
the combined rating curve follows the sheet-ice
at breakup (in French). Proceedings, 11th Congress
curve until breakup at approximately 2000 cfs,
of the International Association for Hydraulic
then follows the ice-jam curve until release at
Research, vol. 5, p. 3748.
about 8000 cfs. At flows in excess of the estimated
Michel, B. (1978) Ice Mechanics. Les Presses de
breakup discharge, the open water rating curve
l'Universit Laval, Quebec.
is used.
Nezhikhovskiy, R.A. (1964) Coefficient of rough-
ness of bottom surfaces of slush ice cover. Soviet
Hydrology, Selected Papers, No. 2, p. 127150.
Pariset, E., and R. Hausser (1961) Formation and
LITERATURE CITED
evolution of ice covers on rivers. Transactions,
Ashton, G.D. (1974) Froude criterion for ice block
Engineering Institute of Canada, 5(1): 4149.
stability. Journal of Glaciology, 13(68), p. 309313.
Pariset, E., R. Hausser, and A. Gagnon (1966) For-
Beltaos, S. (1978) Field investigations of river ice
mation of ice covers and ice jams in rivers. Jour-
jams. In Proceedings of IAHR Symposium on Ice
nal of the Hydraulics Division, American Society of
Problems, Lulea, Sweden, 79 August. International
Civil Engineers, 92(HY6): 124.
Association for Hydraulic Research, Part 2, p. 355
U.S. Army (1990) HEC-2 Water Surface Profiles.
371.
Hydrologic Engineering Center, U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers, Davis, California.
Beltaos, S. (1983) River ice jams: Theory, case
Uzuner, M.S., and J.F. Kennedy (1976) Theoreti-
studies, and applications. Journal of Hydraulic
Engineering, 109(10): 13381359.
cal model of river ice jams. Journal of the Hydrau-
Kennedy, R.J. (1958) Forces involved in pulpwood
lics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers,
holding grounds. Engineering Journal, 41: 5868.
102(HY9): 13651383.
13
Previous Page
