Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)
2. REPORT DATE
3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
December 1997
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. FUNDING NUMBERS
Composite Sampling of Sediments Contaminated with White Phosphorus
6. AUTHORS
Marianne E. Walsh, Charles M. Collins, Ronald N. Bailey, and Clarence L. Grant
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
Special Report 97-30
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSORING/MONITORING
AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Environmental Center
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
SFIM-AEC-ET-CR-97043
For conversion of SI units to non-SI units of measurement consult Standard Practice for Use of the
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
International System of Units (SI), ASTM Standard E380-93, published by the American Society for Testing and Materials,
1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19103.
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
White phosphorus from exploded munitions is a difficult contaminant to characterize in the environment. Spa-
tial heterogeneity of concentration estimates is extreme, varying over many orders of magnitude for closely
spaced discrete samples. To provide cost-effective data upon which decisions may be made, two composite
sampling methods were designed to aid in characterizing the site and monitoring the remedial process for an
area contaminated by white phosphorus. For each method, closely spaced discrete samples were collected on a
grid pattern and pooled to form composites. The composites were then divided by size fractions. Mean white
phosphorus concentrations were estimated for the fine-grain-size fraction that was obtained by suspension with
water. The presence of highly toxic solid white phosphorus particles, the form that may be ingested by feeding
waterfowl, was determined in the coarse-grain-size fraction that was obtained by sieving.
14. SUBJECT TERMS
15. NUMBER OF PAGES
24
Eagle River Flats
Site characterization
Environmental sampling
White phosphorus
16. PRICE CODE
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT
OF THIS PAGE
OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UL
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)
NSN 7540-01-280-5500
Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18
298-102
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