permeation through PVC pipe. Journal of the
well for an extended period of time. Polymers
American Water Works Association, p. 5765.
that are exposed to a neat chemical that is either a
solvent or swelling agent of the polymer will be
Berens, A.R., and H.B. Hopfenberg (1982) Diffu-
seriously degraded (softened, swollen, dissolved,
sion of organic vapors at low concentrations in
etc.), and thus devices made with these materials
glassy PVC, polystyrene, and PMMA. Journal of
would not require decontamination because the
the Membrane Sciences, 10: 283.
device would be ruined. The same would be true
Champion, D.F., and S.R. Olsen (1971) Adsorption
if these polymers were exposed to very high con-
of DDT on solid particles. Soil Science Society of
centrations of these same chemicals (i.e.,
America Proceedings, 35: 887891.
approaching the aqueous solubility of the chemi-
Devlin, J.F. (1987) Recommendations concerning
cal). However, slightly lower concentrations can
materials and pumping systems used in the sam-
result in much more rapid diffusion in some poly-
pling of groundwater contaminated with volatile
mers because of changes within the polymer (Be-
organics. Water Pollution Research Journal of Can-
rens 1985; Vonk 1985, 1986; Jenkins et al. 1986;
ada, 22(1): 6572.
Holsen 1988). These materials may not appear to
Driscoll, F.G. (1986) Ground Water and Wells. St.
be degraded but may be more difficult to decon-
Paul, Minnesota: Johnson Division.
taminate because of the greater volume of
Federal Register (1984) Definition and procedure
chemical(s) that was sorbed by the material. (As
for the determination of the method detection
an example, see Berens [1985], Vonk [1985, 1986],
limit. Code of Federal Regulations, Part 136, Ap-
and Parker and Ranney [1994, 1995, 1996b] for in-
pendix B, October 26.
formation on rigid PVC.) Other materials, such as
Fink, M.J., and R.T. Boyajian (1989) Decontamina-
stainless steel and fluoropolymers, are not de-
tion procedure for ground water sampling equip-
graded by neat organic solvents or by aqueous
ment. In Proceedings of the Third National Outdoor
solutions containing organic solvents. However,
Action Conference on Aquifer Restoration, Ground
it still may be more difficult to remove neat chem-
Water Monitoring and Geophysical Methods, National
icals from the porous fluoropolymers.
Water Well Association, Dublin, Ohio, p. 305311.
In the next phase of this study, we will apply
Gillham, R.W., and S.F. O'Hannesin (1990) Sorp-
the findings from these studies towards develop-
tion of aromatic hydrocarbons by materials used
ing and testing decontamination methods using
in construction of ground water sampling wells.
In Ground Water and Vadose Zone Monitoring.
actual groundwater sampling devices that have
American Society for Testing and Materials, Phil-
been exposed to low ppm or ppb levels of organic
adelphia, ASTM STP 1053, p. 108122.
contaminants. This study shows that the decon-
Holsen, T.M. (1988) The effect of soils on the per-
tamination protocols currently being used (i.e.,
meation of plastic pipes by organic chemicals.
detergent wash, water rinse, and then solvent
Ph.D. Thesis, University of CaliforniaBerkeley.
rinse) most likely will not be effective in remov-
University Microfilms International Dissertation
ing organic contaminants from groundwater
Service order number 8902122.
sampling devices. Because of the size and struc-
ture of the various sampling devices, we antici-
Jenkins, D., R.E. Selleck, L. Bontoux, and D. Soong
(1986) Permeation of plastic pipes: Literature
pate that decontaminating sampling devices will
review and research needs. Sanitary Engineering
be more problematic than decontaminating small
and Environmental Health Research Laboratory,
test pieces has been. The results from this study
College of Engineering, School of Public Health,
indicate that hot air is required to remove some
University of California, Berkeley, SEEHRL
organic contaminants from the more sorptive
Report 86-12.
polymers. While it should be relatively easy to
Jones, J.N., and G.D. Miller (1988) Adsorption of
wash, rinse, and oven dry a small device such as a
selected organic contaminants onto possible well
bailer, we anticipate that cleaning and hot air dry-
casing materials. In Ground-Water Contamination:
ing a pump will be more challenging.
Field Methods (A.G. Collins and A.I. Johnson, Ed.).
American Society for Testing and Materials, Phil-
LITERATURE CITED
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McLaughlin, M., and P. Levin (1995) Reduce the
Barcelona, M.J., J.A. Helfrich, and E.E. Garske
(1985) Sampling tubing effects on ground water
risk of cross-contamination. International Ground
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Water Technology, 1(2): 1315.
Berens, A.R. (1985) Prediction of organic chemical
Mickam, J.T., R. Bellandi, and E.C. Tifft, Jr. (1989)
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