Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)
2. REPORT DATE
3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
September 1997
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. FUNDING NUMBERS
Assessment of Sampling Error Associated with Collection and Analysis
of Soil Samples at a Firing Range Contaminated with HMX
6. AUTHORS
Thomas F. Jenkins, Marianne E. Walsh, Philip G. Thorne, Sonia Thiboutot,
Guy Ampleman, Thomas A. Ranney, and Clarence L. Grant
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
Special Report 97-22
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSORING/MONITORING
AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Environmental Center
Directorate of Ammunition Programme
Aberdeen Proving Ground,
Management
SFIM-AEC-ET-CR-97025
Maryland 21010-5401
Engineering Services
Department of National Defence, Canada
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
For conversion of SI units to non-SI units of measurement, consult ASTM Standard E380-93, Standard Practice for Use of the
International System of Units, published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa.
19103.
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
Short-range and mid-range (grid size) spatial heterogeneity in explosives concentrations within surface soils
was studied at an active antitank firing range at the Canadian Force Base-Valcartier, Val-Blair, Quebec. The
range has been in use for over 20 years. Intensive sampling was conducted over short distances using a 6-m
square grid (36-m2) pattern including two target tanks. Sixteen grids were installed. Four area-integrated
surface samples were formed into piles, one in each quadrant of each grid, using a circular pattern that included
about 10% of the top 5 cm of the quadrant. After in-situ homogenization of a pile, several random aliquots were
combined to form a representative sample. Replicates were collected to assess the representativeness achieved.
In addition, grid composites were prepared by combining equal portions of the four subgrid samples for each of
sixteen grids. In nine of the subgrids, a second area integrated sample was prepared. On-site analysis showed
concentrations of HMX ranging from as high as 1640 mg/kg near one target to 2.1 mg/kg at a distance of 15 m
from the target. On the other hand, TNT concentrations were much lower than would be expected based on the
70:30 composition ratio of HMX to TNT in the melt-cast explosive used on site. A colorimetric method,
originally developed to analyze for RDX, was found to provide concentration estimates for HMX that were in
excellent agreement with laboratory results. Spatial heterogeneity of HMX concentrations was large on both
short- and mid-range scales and this factor dominated the overall uncertainty associated with site characteriza-
tion. Relatively minor uncertainties were due to analytical error.
14. SUBJECT TERMS
15. NUMBER OF PAGES
Compositing
HMX
Soil
61
Analytical error
On-site analysis
Spatial heterogeneity
16. PRICE CODE
Colorimetric methods
Firing range
Sampling error
TNT
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT
OF THIS PAGE
OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UL
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)
NSN 7540-01-280-5500
Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18
298-102
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