sampling vadose zone soils for determination of
obtained with MeOH. The intent of this study was
trichloroethylene. Journal of the Association of Anal-
to make users of equilibrium HS/GC methods and
ytical Chemistry, 77: 458463.
alternative solvents aware of potential matrixan-
alyte interactions. As stated before, on a site-per-
Hewitt, A.D. (1995a) Preservation of soil subsam-
site basis, these interactions can easily be identi-
ples for the analysis of volatile organic compounds.
fied as a potential concern by the assessment of sur-
USA Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab-
rogate or matrix spike recoveries. Often, these in-
oratory, Special Report 95-5.
teractions will be small, perhaps even insignificant,
Hewitt, A.D. (1995b) Enhanced preservation of
because vadose-zone soils rarely have high (>1%)
volatile organic compounds in soil with sodium
organic carbon contents.
bisulfate. USA Cold Regions Research and Engi-
In the development of a performance-based
neering Laboratory, Special Report 95-26.
measurement system for the analysis of VOCs in
Hewitt, A.D. (1996) Methods of preparing soil sam-
soil matrices, determinant and indeterminate error
ples for headspace analysis of volatile organic com-
associated with sample collection and analysis must
pounds: Emphasis on salting out. In Proceedings of
be clearly identified. Furthermore, MeOH extrac-
12th Annual Waste Testing and Quality Assurance
tion and matrices other than quartz sand (a single
Symposium, July 2326, Washington D.C., p. 322329.
low organic carbon soil) should be included in the
Hewitt, A.D. (1997) Chemical preservation of vol-
performance evaluation study.
atile organic compounds in soil. Environmental Sci-
ence and Technology, 31: 6770.
Hewitt, A.D., and C.L. Grant (1995) Round robin
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19
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