Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)
2. REPORT DATE
3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
May 1996
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. FUNDING NUMBERS
On-Site Analysis for High Concentrations of Explosives in Soil:
Extraction Kinetics and Dilution Procedures
6. AUTHORS
Thomas F. Jenkins, Patricia W. Schumacher, Jane G. Mason and Philip G. Thorne
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
Special Report 96-10
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSORING/MONITORING
AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Environmental Center
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
SFIM-AEC-ET-CR-96158
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
For conversion of SI units to non-SI units of measurement consult Standard Practice for Use of the International System of Units (SI),
ASTM Standard E380-93, published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19103.
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
Soils containing high concentrations (>10%) of secondary explosives might detonate from shock or flame, re-
sulting in human injuries or equipment damage during remediation activities. In lieu of expensive and time-
consuming protocols involving impact tests, friction tests, and shock gap tests, compositional analysis has
been recommended as an expedient method to assess the risk of detonation from heavily contaminated soils.
A number of methods now available allow determination of TNT and RDX on site. All of these methods
specify solvent extraction with either acetone or methanol to transfer the analyte from the soil matrix to a
solvent as the first step in the determination. The rate of extraction of TNT and RDX, when present at per-
cent levels in soil, has not been determined. Protocols currently in use specify very short extraction times
(one to three minutes) and results could be biased low if extraction kinetics are slow. The objective of this
work was to document the rate of extraction of secondary explosives by acetone and methanol and make
recommendations for possible modification of current protocols if warranted. Because solvent extracts from
highly contaminated soils will have very high concentrations of secondary explosives, compared with the
range of concentrations that can be determined using the various on-site methods, large dilutions will be re-
quired. Recommendations are made for a field-expedient method making appropriate dilutions.
14. SUBJECT TERMS
15. NUMBER OF PAGES
16
Dilutions
Extraction kinetics
TNT
RDX
DNT
High concentrations
Reactive
16. PRICE CODE
Explosives
On-site analysis
Soils
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT
OF THIS PAGE
OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UL
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)
NSN 7540-01-280-5500
Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18
298-102
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