Figure 5. Snow-covered bank, Surry Mountain Reservoir, New Hampshire.
Figure 6. Segregated ice layers in glacial
varves, west bank of Waterbury Reservoir,
Vermont.
Soil moisture moves to the freezing zone from
lenses increases the volume of the soil expands
sources below due to a suction set up in the soil,
and can heave the soil upward more than the
and the amount of ground ice can increase, thereby
thickness of the ice lenses (Anderson et al. 1978).
increasing the soil moisture in the freezing zone
Frost heaving is always in the direction of heat
(Jumikis 1962). Ice can continue to form and grow
flow, which is normal to the ground surface
within the existing voids of a soil (Linell and
(Anderson et al. 1978), and the segregated ice
Kaplar 1966), although it often grows in distinct,
lenses can be in visible layers (Fig. 6) up to 4 in.
segregated ice lenses. As the number of these
thick. Although frost heave is usually thought of
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