In one crater (no. 2 in Table 3), a 1.2- 0.6-m
surface. The dud projectile produced a small crater
area of the 0.25-m ice sheet was completely lifted
estimated to be less than 1 m in diameter and of
and blown out of the crater, exposing the frozen
unknown depth; we did not measure this crater for
ground underneath. The exposed frozen ground
safety reasons.
was not visibly disturbed or removed by the ex-
Four 105-mm projectiles with delay fuses were
plosion (Fig. 4). There was no cratering of the fro-
fired into the test area; three ricocheted off the ice
zen ground beneath the ice. One of the eight point-
before exploding, and one detonated in the snow
detonating projectiles was a dud, creating only a
and ice cover similar to the point-detonating projec-
white plume of snow and ice when it hit the ice
tiles. Figure 5 shows one ricocheting projectile
exploding near the ice surface. This explosion
produced a shallow elongated crater (no. 8) in
the snow (Fig. 6), approximately 2.4 m wide at the
near end, narrowing down to 0.6 m wide at the far