Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)
2. REPORT DATE
3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
August 1996
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. FUNDING NUMBERS
Physical System Dynamics and White Phosphorus Fate and Transport,
1994, Eagle River Flats, Fort Richardson, Alaska
6. AUTHORS
Daniel E. Lawson, Lewis E. Hunter, Susan R. Bigl, Beth M. Nadeau,
Patricia B. Weyrick and John H. Bodette
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
CRREL Report 96-9
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSORING/MONITORING
AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Alaska, Fort Richardson, Alaska
and
U.S. Army Engineer District, Alaska
Anchorage, Alaska
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
For conversion of SI units to non-SI units of measurement consult ASTM Standard E380-93, Standard Practice for Use of the
International System of Units, published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa.
19103.
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
Eagle River Flats (ERF) is a subarctic estuarine salt marsh where human and natural forces are causing
significant changes in the environment. Multiple internal and external forces govern the physical and chemical
processes by actively altering surface conditions, sometimes in unpredictable ways. ERF is also used as an
artillery range by the U.S. Army, where past use has resulted in white phosphorous (WP) contamination of the
sediments within ponds and mudflats. Bottom-feeding waterfowl ingest this WP, which causes rapid death.
This report documents analyses of the physical environment, describing the nature of the physical systems and
factors controlling them. It includes data on sedimentation, erosion and hydrology. These investigations
provide knowledge necessary to designing and evaluating remedial technologies. They also help determine
the system's capacity to naturally attenuate the WP contamination.
14. SUBJECT TERMS
15. NUMBER OF PAGES
76
Erosion
Processes
Sedimentation
Tidal flat
16. PRICE CODE
Factors
Remediation
Salt marsh
WP
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT
OF THIS PAGE
OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UL
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)
NSN 7540-01-280-5500
Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18
298-102
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