Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
OMB No. 0704-0188
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)
2. REPORT DATE
3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
February 1995
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. FUNDING NUMBERS
Transport of Tracer Br in Frozen Morin Clay
PR: 4A161102AT24
in Response to Temperature Gradients
WP: 125
WU: AT24-SC-F01
6. AUTHORS
Yoshisuke Nakano
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
72 Lyme Road
CRREL Report 95-3
Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSORING/MONITORING
AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
Office of the Chief of Engineers
Washington, D.C. 20314-1000
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
For conversion of SI units to non-SI units of measurement consult Standard Practice for Use of the International System of Units (SI),
ASTM Standard E380-93, published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19103.
12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
The movement of water and Br was measured in unsaturated and partially frozen soil columns subjected to linear tem-
perature fields. Both water and Br moved from the warmer to cooler parts in the columns. The data were analyzed un-
der the assumption that Br is confined to unfrozen water. It was found that the negative adsorption of Br by clay sur-
faces plays a significant role in the transport of Br in frozen Morin clay and that Br tends to move faster than unfrozen
water.
14. SUBJECT TERMS
15. NUMBER OF PAGES
12
Clay
Ion transport
16. PRICE CODE
Frost heave
Temperature gradients
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT
OF THIS PAGE
OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UL
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)
NSN 7540-01-280-5500
Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18
298-102
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